Here's an example of the Two Viewpoints.  To truly understand retrograde motion you need to: a) envision the situation from space, as Earth passes Mars; b) see how Mars's motion thus looks like from Earth.
 

Planets move West to East (! this should not be confused with our Earth's daily rotation which makes Sun, Planets, Stars, etc. seem to move East-West !) through the Zodiac constellations, so Mars moved through Cancer, Leo and Virgo in late 1998 and early 1999, and then retrogrades in Libra and back to Virgo for most of spring 1999 because we (on Earth) pass Mars at that time and therefore our vantage point changes which makes Mars seem to move backwards.
Time between frames is 7 days.
All planets retrograde on their motion around our Sun because Earth moves as well: here you see animations of Mars, in my lab G1 Planetary motion you see Jupiter retrograde, the other outer planets make smaller loops (because they orbit slower), and even Mercury and Venus move backwards (which is harder to observe because of their proximity to our Sun).

Animations:  University of Tennessee (outer space view) and (Earth based view);  WNCC; Indiana University;  Kent State University (geocentric);  Physics Nova Scotia;  University of Oregon (geocentric);  The Ross School;